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Geography & Environment · World Geography

World Physical Features: Mountains, Rivers, Lakes, Deserts, Seas & Islands: 101 previous year questions

UPSC has asked 101 questions on World Physical Features: Mountains, Rivers, Lakes, Deserts, Seas & Islands between 1997 and 2026: CSE 40 · CDS 21 · CAPF 15 · CISF (LDCE) 9 · NDA 8 · Geo-Scientist 6 · EPFO (APFC) 2. 64 of them came after 2015, so this is a live topic examiners keep returning to. 40 were set in Civil Services Prelims; the rest come from UPSC's other papers, which draw on the same question bank.

Practise these 101, one at a timeRead the questions

Tap an option to check yourself. Answers follow the official UPSC key; where the key was dropped or disputed the question is not shown.

Consider the following pairs of islands and related water bodies: I. Kharg : Persian Gulf II. Vaan : Gulf of Mannar III. Tuti : Red Sea IV. Qeshm : Arabian Sea How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

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Answer B (official UPSC key)Two pairs are correct: Kharg - Persian Gulf and Vaan - Gulf of Mannar; Tuti is a Nile river island at Khartoum and Qeshm lies in the Strait of Hormuz

Which of the following statements with reference to Easter Island, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is/are correct ? 1. It is part of Polynesia group of islands. 2. It is a territory of the South American nation Chile. Select the answer using the code given below :

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Answer C (official UPSC key)Easter Island is part of Polynesia and is a territory of Chile

Which of the following statements about ‗Alcatraz‘, which was recently in news, is/are correct? 1. It was once a defence fort on Alcatraz island of America. 2. It was once a prison on Alcatraz island of America. 3. It was once occupied by a group of native American students, known as ‗Indians of all tribes‘. Select the answer using the code given below:

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Answer C (official UPSC key)Alcatraz was once a defence fort, then a prison, and was later occupied by Native American students known as 'Indians of all tribes'

With reference to ‘South Coast of Australia’ which of the following statements is/are correct ? 1. It is situated along the Indian Ocean 2. It experiences rain during its winter months of December and January Select the answer using the code given below:

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Answer A (official UPSC key)The south coast of Australia lies along the Indian Ocean; December and January are summer there, and it gets rain in winter

Which of the following statements regarding continent of Antarctica is/are correct? 1. It has the highest average elevation as compared to all other continents. 2. Mount Vinson is the highest peak of this continent. Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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Answer C (official UPSC key)Antarctica has the highest average elevation of all continents, and Mount Vinson is its highest peak

One of the following regions has the world‘s largest tropical peatland, which holds about three years worth of global carbon emissions from fossil fuels; and the possible destruction of which can exert detrimental effect on the global climate. Which one of the following denotes that region ?

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Answer B (official UPSC key)The Congo Basin has the world's largest tropical peatland, holding about three years of global fossil-fuel carbon emissions

Which of the following statements regarding Mount Kilimanjaro in Africa is/are correct ? 1. It is situated on the Equator. 2. It is the highest free standing mountain in the world. Select the answer using the code given below :

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Answer B (official UPSC key)Mount Kilimanjaro is the highest free standing mountain in the world but is not on the Equator

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched ? Plateau Continent 1. Abyssinian Africa 2. Patagonian Australia 3. Anatolian Asia 4. Iberian North America Select the correct answer using the code given below :

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Answer B (official UPSC key)Abyssinian Plateau - Africa and Anatolian Plateau - Asia are correct; Patagonia is in South America and the Iberian Plateau in Europe

With reference to Lake Victoria, which of the following statements is/are correct ? 1. The lake is divided among four countries 2. Its area is more than 50,000 sq. km 3. It is situated in the African rift valley Select the correct answer using the code given below:

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Answer C (official UPSC key)Lake Victoria's area is more than 50,000 sq. km; it is shared by three countries, not four, and lies in a shallow depression outside the rift valley

With reference to Lakshadweep, which of the following statements is/are correct ? 1. It is an archipelago consisting of coral islands and reefs 2. It is the smallest Union Territory of India in terms of area 3. The main occupation of people is tourism and allied activities Select the correct answer using the code given below :

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Answer A (official UPSC key)Lakshadweep is an archipelago of coral islands and reefs and India's smallest Union Territory by area; tourism is not its main occupation

Which of the following statements about Suez Canal is/are correct? 1. Suez is a man-made navigation canal 2. Suez links Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea 3. The economic significance of Suez Canal is less than that of Panama Canal Select the correct answer using the code given below:

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Answer B (official UPSC key)The Suez is a man-made navigation canal linking the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea; its economic significance is not less than the Panama Canal's

Consider the following statements about a river: This river originates in the Hindu Kush mountain range and flows into Hamoun wetlands after covering a long stretch of about 1,100 km. There has been serious conflict between two neighbouring nations regarding the sharing of water from this river. Identify the river from the following:

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Answer D (official UPSC key)The Helmand river rises in the Hindu Kush, flows about 1,100 km into the Hamoun wetlands and is a source of dispute between Afghanistan and Iran

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists : List I (Mountain range) List II (Country) A. Caucasus Mountains 1. Italy B. Carpathian Mountains 2. Greece C. Apennine Mountains 3. Georgia D. Pindus Mountains 4. Ukraine Code ABCD

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Answer A (official UPSC key)Caucasus - Georgia; Carpathian - Ukraine; Apennine - Italy; Pindus - Greece

The term ―Levant‖ often heard in the news roughly corresponds to which of the following regions?

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Answer A (official UPSC key)The Levant is the region along the eastern Mediterranean shores

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists : Fold Mountain Country/Continent A. Ural 1. South America B. Appalachians 2. South Africa C. Drakensberg 3. Russia D. Andes 4. North America Code A B C D

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Answer B (official UPSC key)Ural - Russia; Appalachians - North America; Drakensberg - South Africa; Andes - South America

Consider the following pairs : [2019-I] Sea Bordering country 1. Adriatic Sea Albania 2. Black Sea Croatia 3. Caspian Kazakhstan 4. Mediterranean Sea Morocco 5. Red Sea Syria Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

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Answer B (official UPSC key)Adriatic Sea - Albania, Caspian - Kazakhstan and Mediterranean Sea - Morocco are correct; Croatia is not on the Black Sea and Syria is not on the Red Sea

Which one of the following statements about the Suez Canal is not correct ?

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Answer C (official UPSC key)The Suez Canal has no lock system (it is a sea-level canal); it opened in 1869, links the Mediterranean and Red Seas and gave Europe a gateway to the Indian Ocean

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists: List-I (Strait) List-II (Countries) A. Bass Strait 1. UK and France B. Davis Strait 2. Australia and Tasmania C. Dover Strait 3. USA and Cuba D. Florida Strait 4. Canada and Greenland Code A B C D

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Answer A (official UPSC key)Bass Strait - Australia and Tasmania; Davis Strait - Canada and Greenland; Dover Strait - UK and France; Florida Strait - USA and Cuba

Which of the following statements about India‘s scientific and research mission in Antarctica is/are correct? 1. The first scientific base station in Antarctica was Dakshin Gangotri 2. Dakshin Gangotri is now being used as supply base and transit camp 3. The Maitri station is manned throughout the year for scientific activities Select the correct answer using the code given below :

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Answer D (official UPSC key)Dakshin Gangotri was India's first Antarctic base and is now a supply base and transit camp; Maitri is manned throughout the year

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists: List-I (Strait) List-II (Water Body) A. Strait of Hormuz 1. Java Sea B. Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb 2. Andaman Sea C. Strait of Malacca 3. Red Sea D. Strait of Sunda 4. Gulf of Persia

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Answer D (official UPSC key)Strait of Hormuz - Gulf of Persia; Bab-el-Mandeb - Red Sea; Strait of Malacca - Andaman Sea; Strait of Sunda - Java Sea

If a ship has to go from Chennai to Kochi, it has to go around Sri Lanka rather than crossing through the Palk Strait. Why?

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Answer B (official UPSC key)Ships from Chennai to Kochi go around Sri Lanka because the Palk Strait is too shallow

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists : List-I (River) List-II (City) A. Spree 1. Bonn B. Rhine 2. Hamburg C. Seine 3. Paris D. Elbe 4. Berlin Code A B C D

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Answer B (official UPSC key)Spree - Berlin; Rhine - Bonn; Seine - Paris; Elbe - Hamburg

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists : List-I (Continent) List-II (Desert) A. Asia 1. Atacama B. Africa 2. Mojave C. North America 3. Kalahari D. South America 4. Gobi

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Answer C (official UPSC key)Asia - Gobi; Africa - Kalahari; North America - Mojave; South America - Atacama

Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched? Geographical Feature Region (a) Abyssinian Plateau Arabia (b) Atlas Mountains North-Western Africa (c) Guiana Highlands South-Western Africa (d) Okavango Basin Patagonia

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Answer B (official UPSC key)The Atlas Mountains are in North-Western Africa; the Abyssinian Plateau is in Ethiopia, the Guiana Highlands in South America and the Okavango Basin in southern Africa

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists : List-I (Delta) List-II (Example) A. Arcuate delta 1. Nile Delta B. Bird‘s-foot delta 2. Mississippi Delta C. Cusplate delta 3. Tiber Delta D. Estuarine delta 4. Seine Delta Code

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Answer D (official UPSC key)Arcuate delta - Nile; Bird's-foot delta - Mississippi; Cusplate delta - Tiber; Estuarine delta - Seine

Between India and East Asia, the navigation time and distance can be greatly reduced by which of the following? 1. Deepening the Malacca straits between Malaysia and Indonesia. 2. Opening a new canal across the Kra Isthmus between the Gulf of Siam and the Andaman Sea. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Answer B (official UPSC key)A canal across the Kra Isthmus between the Gulf of Siam and the Andaman Sea would cut India-East Asia navigation time and distance; deepening the Malacca straits would not shorten the route

At which one of the following places do two important rivers of India originate; while one of them flows towards the north and merges with another important river flowing towards the Bay of Bengal, the other one flows towards the Arabian Sea?

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Answer A (official UPSC key)Two rivers rise at Amarkantak: the Son flows north to join the Ganga (Bay of Bengal) and the Narmada flows to the Arabian Sea

Match List I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists: List-I (Geographic feature) List-II (Country) A. Great Victoria Desert 1. Australia B. Grand Canyon 2. Canada C. Lake Winnipeg 3. New Zealand D. Southern Alps 4. USA

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Answer B (official UPSC key)Great Victoria Desert - Australia; Grand Canyon - USA; Lake Winnipeg - Canada; Southern Alps - New Zealand

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists: List-I (City) List-II (River) A. Bangkok 1. Irrawaddy B. Phnom-Penh 2. Mekong C. Hanoi 3. Menam (Chao Phraya) D. Yangon 4. Red River

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Answer A (official UPSC key)Bangkok - Menam (Chao Phraya); Phnom-Penh - Mekong; Hanoi - Red River; Yangon - Irrawaddy

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists: List-I (City) List-II (River) A. Washington, D.C. 1. River Manzanares B. Berlin 2. River Seine C. Paris 3. River Spree D. Madrid 4. River Potomac

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Answer D (official UPSC key)Washington, D.C. - Potomac; Berlin - Spree; Paris - Seine; Madrid - Manzanares

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below List-I (Sea) List-II (Country) A. Black Sea 1. Bulgaria B. Red Sea 2. China C. Yellow Sea 3. Eritrea D. Caspian Sea 4. Kazakhstan

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Answer C (official UPSC key)Black Sea - Bulgaria; Red Sea - Eritrea; Yellow Sea - China; Caspian Sea - Kazakhstan

In the map given below, four islands of the Indian Ocean region i.e., (A) Seychelles (B) Chagos (C) Mauritius, and (D) Socotra are marked as 1, 2, 3, and 4. Match them and select the correct answer from the codes given below: [2002]

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Answer D (official UPSC key)Map item (key D): 1 = Chagos, 2 = Socotra, 3 = Seychelles, 4 = Mauritius

Consider the following statements : While it is 6:30 AM (Sunday) in London, it is around 1. 2.30 AM (Sunday) in Honolulu . (Hawaii) 2. 8.30 PM (Saturday) in Honolulu (Hawaii) 3. 3:30 PM (Sunday) in Tokyo 4. 1.30 AM (Sunday) in Tokyo Which of these statements is/are correct ?

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Answer B (official UPSC key)When it is 6:30 AM Sunday in London, it is about 8:30 PM Saturday in Honolulu and 3:30 PM Sunday in Tokyo

Consider the following statements : 1. Falkland Islands are situated in Pacific Ocean. 2. Red Sea separates Sudan from Egypt. 3. England, Norway, Denmark surround North Sea. Which of these statements is/are correct ?

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Answer D (official UPSC key)England, Norway and Denmark surround the North Sea; the Falklands are in the Atlantic and the Red Sea does not separate Sudan from Egypt

Physical regions marked as 1, 2, 3, and 4 on the given map are respectively: [1999]

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Answer A (official UPSC key)Map item (key A): 1 = Andes, 2 = Brazilian Shield, 3 = Guyana Highlands, 4 = Amazon Basin

"From Aceh in the far northwest to Torres Strait in the east is 5000 miles, almost as far as from London to Baghdad. The archipelago has 14,000 islands, some mere equatorial rocks, others some of the largest in the world." This description best fits:

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Answer D (official UPSC key)An archipelago of thousands of islands stretching from Aceh in the far northwest to the Torres Strait in the east is Indonesia

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